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China Reintroduces Tax on Contraceptives Amid Demographic Crisis

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  Published in Stocks and Investing on Saturday, February 7th 2026 at 18:46 GMT by moneycontrol.com
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Beijing, February 7th, 2026 - In a move drawing sharp criticism from demographers and reproductive health advocates, China has reintroduced a 13% value-added tax (VAT) on contraceptives, effectively ending a tax exemption that had been in place since 2016. This seemingly paradoxical decision comes at a time when the nation is grappling with a rapidly declining birth rate and a looming demographic crisis, raising questions about the government's long-term strategy for population management.

The 2016 exemption was initially implemented as part of a broader effort to support family planning and promote responsible reproductive health. Its removal, announced earlier this week, has been framed by government officials as a necessary component of wider tax restructuring aimed at bolstering economic growth and alleviating the financial strain of an aging population. The rationale, as explained in state-sponsored media, is to redistribute tax burdens, freeing up resources for key strategic industries. However, experts argue that targeting contraceptives for increased taxation is a profoundly shortsighted and self-defeating policy.

A Nation Facing Demographic Decline

China's demographic situation is increasingly precarious. Years of the one-child policy, while initially credited with curbing population growth, have created a severely imbalanced population structure. The policy, coupled with changing social attitudes and rising costs of living, has led to a consistently declining birth rate. In recent years, the government has frantically attempted to reverse this trend, lifting the one-child policy in 2016 and subsequently increasing it to a three-child policy in 2021, alongside a suite of financial incentives and supportive measures. Despite these efforts, birth rates have continued to fall, hitting record lows in 2024 and 2025.

The latest figures paint a stark picture: China is facing a rapidly aging population and a shrinking workforce. This combination presents significant economic and social challenges, including a reduced tax base, increased healthcare costs, and potential labor shortages. The dependency ratio - the proportion of non-working individuals (children and the elderly) to working-age individuals - is steadily rising, placing a strain on the nation's social security system.

The Contraceptive Tax: A Step Backwards?

The reintroduction of the 13% VAT on contraceptives is widely seen as directly undermining the government's pro-natalist policies. While the impact of a 13% price increase may seem modest to some, reproductive health advocates warn that it could significantly affect access, particularly for vulnerable populations. Lower-income individuals, rural communities, and young people are likely to be disproportionately affected, potentially leading to decreased contraceptive use and an increase in unintended pregnancies.

"This is a baffling decision," states Dr. Li Wei, a leading demographer at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. "The government is simultaneously urging couples to have more children and making it more expensive to prevent pregnancies. It's a clear contradiction and sends a mixed message to the public."

Furthermore, the increased cost could also lead to a rise in unsafe abortions, particularly in areas where access to safe and legal abortion services is limited. This poses significant health risks for women and places an additional burden on the healthcare system.

Economic Considerations and Alternative Approaches

The government's stated aim of economic restructuring is understandable, but critics argue that there were alternative avenues for generating revenue without jeopardizing reproductive health. Some suggest that focusing on closing tax loopholes in other sectors or increasing taxes on luxury goods would have been a more sensible approach.

"There are plenty of areas where the government could raise revenue without penalizing responsible family planning," argues Sarah Chen, a policy analyst at the Global Health Initiative. "Targeting contraceptives is not only counterproductive but also reflects a troubling disregard for the well-being of women and families."

The long-term consequences of this policy shift remain to be seen. However, many experts believe that it will exacerbate China's demographic challenges and hinder its efforts to achieve sustainable economic growth. The question now is whether the government will reconsider its position and prioritize reproductive health as a crucial component of its overall population strategy.